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Flow control (data)
In data communications, flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node. Flow control should be distinguished from congestion control, which is used for controlling the flow of data when congestion has actually occurred.〔 Flow control mechanisms can be classified by whether or not the receiving node sends feedback to the sending node.
Flow control is important because it is possible for a sending computer to transmit information at a faster rate than the destination computer can receive and process it. This can happen if the receiving computers have a heavy traffic load in comparison to the sending computer, or if the receiving computer has less processing power than the sending computer.
==Stop-and-wait==
Stop-and-wait flow control is the simplest form of flow control. In this method, the receiver indicates its readiness to receive data for each frame, the message is broken into multiple frames. The sender waits for an ACK (acknowledgement) after every frame for specified time (called time out). It is sent to ensure that the receiver has received the frame correctly. It will then send the next frame only after the ACK has been received.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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